Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide, kuwaas oo caanaha kiimikadu ay tahay NaOH, waxaa caadi ahaan loo yaqaannaa soodhaha, caustic soodhaha iyo soodhaha caustic. Marka la milmo, waxay soo daysaa urta ammonia. Waa caustic xoogganalkali, kaas oo guud ahaan ku jira qaab jajab ama granular ah. Waxay si fudud ugu milmi kartaa biyaha (marka lagu milmo biyaha, waxay bixisaa kulayl) waxayna samaysaa xalalka alkaline. Intaa waxaa dheer, waa deliquescent oo si fudud u nuugo uumiga biyaha (deliquescence) iyo carbon dioxide (sii xumaanaya) hawada. NaOH waa mid ka mid ah kiimikooyinka lagama maarmaanka u ah shaybaarada kiimikada, sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah kiimikooyinka caadiga ah. Alaabada saafiga ah waa mid aan midab lahayn oo hufan. Cufnaanta 2.130 g/cm. Barta dhalaalka 318.4 ℃. Barta karkarinta waa 1390 ℃. Alaabooyinka warshaduhu waxay ka kooban yihiin qadar yar oo ah sodium chloride iyo sodium carbonate, kuwaas oo ah kiristaalo cad iyo cad. Waxaa jira xannibaad, qallafsan, granular iyo ul u qaabaysan. Nooca tirada 40.01
Sodium hydroxidewaxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida wakiilka nadiifinta alkaline ee daaweynta biyaha, kaas oo lagu milmo ethanol iyo glycerol; Aan ku milmin propanol iyo ether. Waxa kale oo ay daxalisay kaarboonka iyo soodiyamka heerkulka sare. Dareen-celinta isu-dheellitirnaan la'aanta halogen sida chlorine, bromine iyo iodine. Dhexdhexaad ka dhig asiidh si aad u sameysid milix iyo biyo.
Tilmaamaha jireed ee laalaabista
Sodium hydroxide waa crystalline adag oo translucent cad. Xalka aqueous waxa uu leeyahay dhadhan astringent iyo dareen satiny.
Deliquescence laablaabashada Waa deelqaama hawada.
nuugista biyaha isku laabma
alkali adag waa hygroscopic heer sare ah. Marka hawada loo soo bandhigo, waxay nuugtaa molecules biyaha hawada, ugu dambeyntiina si buuxda ayay u milmaan, laakiin dareeraha sodium hydroxide ma laha hygroscopicity.
milanka laablaabashada
Calool laabashada
Sodium hydroxide waxay si buuxda u kala qaybin doontaa ions sodium iyo ions hydroxide marka lagu milmo biyaha, sidaas darteed waxay leedahay guud ahaan alkali.
Waxay ku samayn kartaa falcelinta dhexdhexaadinta aashitada-saldhigga iyada oo ay la socoto asiidh kasta oo protonic ah (kaas oo sidoo kale iska leh falcelinta kala-goynta labanlaaban):
NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H₂O
2NaOH + H₂SO₄=Na₂SO₄+2H₂O
NaOH + HNO₃=NaNO₃+H₂O
Si la mid ah, xalkeedu waxa uu ku dhici karaa falcelin furfurnaan labalaab leh oo leh xal milix ah:
NaOH + NH₄Cl = NaCl +NH₃·H₂O
2NaOH + CuSO₄= Cu(OH)₂↓+ Na₂SO₄
2NaOH+MgCl₂= 2NaCl+Mg(OH)₂↓
falcelinta saponification laablaabashada
Dareen-celinta dabiiciga ah ee badan, sodium hydroxide sidoo kale waxay ka ciyaartaa door la mid ah sida kicinta, oo ay ka mid yihiin kuwa ugu badan ee ka mid ah saponification:
RCOOR' + NaOH = RCOONa + R'OH
Burbur kale
Sababta ay sodium hydroxide si fudud ugu dhaadhacdo sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) hawada waa sababtoo ah hawadu waxay ka kooban tahay carbon dioxide (co):
2NaOH + CO₂ = Na₂CO₃ + H₂O
Haddii kaarboon dioxide si joogto ah loo keeno, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), oo loo yaqaan baking soda, ayaa la soo saari doonaa, isla'egta falcelintuna waa sida soo socota:
Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O = 2NaHCO₃
Sidoo kale, sodium hydroxide waxay la falgali kartaa oksaydhyada acidic sida silicon dioxide (SiO₂) iyo sulfur dioxide (SO):
2NaOH + SiO₂ = Na₂SiO₃ + H₂O
2 NaOH+SO (raraac) = Na₂SO₃+H₂O
NaOH+SO₂ ( xad dhaaf ah) = NaHSO₃ (Naaso oo la soo saaray iyo biyuhu waxay ka falceliyaan SO xad-dhaaf ah si ay u dhaliyaan nahSO)
